The Female Gaze in Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019)

The Bechdel Test, named after its creator Alison Bechdel, aims to measure female representation in film via three criteria: the film must have two named female characters (1), who have a conversation with each other (2) about something other than a man (3). The fact that 60% of films surveyed in 2021 passed the test is hardly cause for celebration — the other 40% (a sizeable chunk!) did not meet the very simple conditions.

Roma and the Entrapment of Domestic Servitude

In the opening scene of Alfonso Cuarón’s 2018 film Roma, a plane crosses the sky, reflected in a pool of water on tiles. This shot seems to last a lifetime until the camera pans to a woman mopping the floor, enclosed in the side passage of the large townhouse she is cleaning. The contrast between the two images is stark: the freedom of travelling the whole world, set against an image of a woman trapped as much by her chores as she is the shot she is framed in.

Edward Colston: A Problematic Legacy in the People’s Hands

On the 7 June 2020, against a backdrop of conversations surrounding the treatment of Black people in light of the tragic death of George Floyd at the hands of police in Minnesota, protestors in Bristol graffitied, tied up and toppled a statue of Edward Colston, a slave trader whose fortune helped to build the city. The whole world watched as the bronze memorial, which had stood by Bristol’s harbour since 1895, was thrown into the water amidst cheering.